A young male patient with a history of smoking presents with calf pain when jogging. What is the most likely etiology of his symptoms?

The symptoms described in this scenario, particularly the calf pain experienced by a young male patient while jogging, suggest an issue related to blood flow during physical activity. The most likely etiology of his symptoms is popliteal entrapment syndrome. This condition occurs when the popliteal artery, which runs behind the knee, becomes compressed, often due to abnormal anatomy or muscle anomalies. Symptoms typically manifest during exertion, such as jogging or running, because the increased demand for blood flow exposes the compression.

The patient’s history of smoking is relevant, as it contributes to vascular health deterioration and can exacerbate conditions like peripheral artery disease. However, in the context of calf pain specifically triggered by exercise in a young patient, popliteal entrapment aligns more closely with the described symptoms.

While deep vein thrombosis is a concern, it typically presents with swelling and acute pain rather than exertional pain, particularly in a young, active individual. Acute compartment syndrome usually manifests as severe pain, swelling, and neurological symptoms in a specific compartment of the leg and is associated with trauma or overexertion, but it may not be as commonly implicated in a young person solely experiencing pain from jogging. Peripheral artery disease, while a possible consideration, is more characteristic