What is the most common site for atherosclerosis in the lower extremities?

The most common site for atherosclerosis in the lower extremities is the distal segment of the superficial femoral artery (SFA). This area is particularly susceptible to the development of plaques due to the combination of factors such as hemodynamic changes and increased turbulence at the transition zones of the arterial system.

In the case of the distal SFA, the flow dynamics contribute to the likelihood of plaque accumulation, which can lead to significant stenosis or occlusion affecting blood flow to the lower leg and foot. The distal segment is exposed to mechanical stress and is in a region where the blood vessels go from larger to smaller calibers, making it a common site for vascular disease.

Other segments of the vascular system, such as the proximal SFA, popliteal artery, and anterior tibial artery, may also experience atherosclerosis but not as commonly as the distal SFA. The proximal SFA is less affected by turbulence and is often more involved in larger arterial disease patterns rather than isolated atherosclerosis. While the popliteal artery can be affected, the incidence is generally lower compared to the distal SFA. The anterior tibial artery, being a smaller vessel, also has a different risk profile and is less frequently the main site of