What physiological change can occur due to prolonged venous insufficiency?

Prolonged venous insufficiency can lead to skin ulceration as a direct consequence of impaired venous return and increased venous pressure. When the veins in the legs cannot effectively return blood to the heart, blood pools in the lower extremities, leading to increased pressure within the capillaries. This elevated pressure can result in fluid leaking into the surrounding tissues, causing swelling and skin changes.

Over time, the ongoing stress on the skin and underlying tissues can compromise their integrity. The skin may become discolored, thickened, and more prone to injury. As the condition progresses, it can result in non-healing wounds or ulcers, particularly around the ankles. These ulcers are often referred to as venous ulcers and are a common complication of chronic venous insufficiency.

The other options presented do not directly stem from prolonged venous insufficiency. Muscular atrophy is more commonly associated with disuse of the muscles rather than venous conditions. Arterial occlusion relates to blockage in the arterial system, which is a different pathology altogether. Pathological hypotension typically refers to lowered blood pressure without direct connection to venous insufficiency.