Which vessels are most likely used for an autologous hemodialysis access graft?

The radial artery and cephalic vein are the most common vessels utilized for autologous hemodialysis access grafts due to their anatomical location and suitable characteristics. The radial artery, located in the forearm, is easily accessible and has a diameter sufficient for creating a high-flow access point, which is critical for hemodialysis procedures. The cephalic vein, also located in the forearm, runs along the radial side and provides an adequate drainage vein for blood to return post-dialysis.

Using these vessels together for fistula creation is particularly beneficial as they offer a combination of arterial blood flow and venous return, which promotes maturation of the access site and minimizes the risk of complications. This pairing is also preferred because it can be performed with minimal surgical intervention and has a lower incidence of complications compared to alternatives.

Other vessel combinations listed in the options may have their uses in specific clinical situations, but they are less optimal for autologous hemodialysis access grafts. For instance, the brachial artery and subclavian vein are deeper and more complex, with higher risks of complications. The femoral artery and popliteal vein, while they may provide access points, are located in the legs, which typically